What is the papillomavirus or HPV?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, affecting both men and women, and has over 100 different types. This microscopic virus can cause a number of health problems, including genital warts and even cancer in certain types.

HPV is spread mainly through sexual contact, but can also be transmitted through skin contact. Most people who become infected with HPV have no symptoms and are unaware that they are carriers. However, in some cases HPV can cause genital warts, which are small growths visible on the skin, or even turn into cancer, especially in cervical and certain genital cancers.

It is important to note that HPV can affect both men and women. Men can be carriers of HPV and become infected, and can develop genital warts and, less commonly, certain types of cancer such as penile or anal cancer. They can also transmit the virus to their sexual partners.

Women have a higher risk of cervical cancer associated with HPV. It is one of the most common cancers among women, but thanks to regular screening and the HPV vaccine, prevention and early detection have become more effective.

• Genital warts: small, hard, flesh-coloured or slightly darker growths in the genital area, which may appear singly or in clusters, resembling cauliflower. Warts can occur on the vulva, inside the vagina, on the cervix or around the anus.
• Precancerous changes in the cervix: high-risk HPV types can cause changes in cervical cells that can develop into cancer. These changes do not usually cause any symptoms, but can be detected through a PAP test or HPV testing.
• Vaginal irritation or discomfort: Some women may experience vaginal irritation, discomfort or pain, although these symptoms are not specific to HPV and may also indicate other conditions.
• Bleeding or discharge after intercourse: cervical changes, including pre-cancerous changes or cervical cancer, can cause bleeding or unusual discharge after intercourse.

HPV symptoms in men:

• Kondylomes: Certain types of HPV can cause genital warts, or warts that can appear on the genital organs, such as around the circumference of the penis, in the scrotum or in the anal area. They can be small or large, solitary or clustered, and usually do not cause pain.
• Itching or discomfort: some people may experience itching or discomfort in the infected area, especially if the genital warts rub against clothing or if skin damage occurs.
• Bladder or prostate infections: certain types of HPV can also cause bladder or prostate infections, which may manifest as symptoms such as pain when urinating, frequent need to urinate or pain in the lower abdomen.
• Possible complications: although rare, in some cases HPV can lead to more serious complications, such as genital cancers (especially penile, anal and oral cancers). Therefore, it is important to regularly check and monitor the symptoms of HPV infection and consult a doctor if necessary.